25 August 2026 · 7 min read
Hagia Sophia: a landmark shaped by many eras
How one of the world's most recognisable buildings became the clearest symbol of Istanbul's layered history.
Hagia Sophia is remarkable not only for its scale and dome, but for the many roles it has held across Istanbul's history.
A Byzantine architectural feat
Commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, the present structure was designed around a vast central dome. Its interior changed the possibilities of monumental architecture in late antiquity.
Ottoman additions and care
After 1453, Hagia Sophia became a mosque. Minarets, a mihrab and other Ottoman elements were added over time, while major structural work helped preserve the building.
Visiting respectfully today
It remains an active place of worship as well as a major cultural landmark. Check current visitor rules before you go, dress respectfully and visit early for a calmer experience.
